Kerala the gods own country: 2007

Visitor Attractions : Malappuram District

Malappuram (Literally, a land atop hills) is situated 50 kms southeast of Kozhikode . Bounded by the Nilgiri Hills in the east, the Arabian Sea in the west and Thrissur and Palakkad districts in the south, Malapuram is enriched by three great rivers flowing through it - the Chaliyar, The Kadalundi and the Bharathapuzha. Malappuram has a rich and eventful history. It was the military headquarters of the Zamorins of Kozhikode since ancient times. This district was the venue for many of the Mappila revolts( uprising against the BritishEast India Company in Kerala) between 1792 and 1921. The hill country has also contributed much to the cultural heritage of Kerala. Along with historic monuments and diverse natural attractions, a range of cultural and ritual art forms add to its value as a destination worth visiting.

Kottakkal :

The cradle of AyurvedaThis small town, 13 Kms from Malappuram is the home of the famed Kottakkal Arya Vaidyasala, one of the pioneer institutions of Ayurveda in India . Ayurveda, Indian’s unique science of life and medicine, has a major role in attracting tourists to Kerala. In a large number of cases, Ayurveda is responsible for persuading foreign travelers to visit the State. Vaidyaratnam P.S. Warrier founded the Arya Vaidyasala in 1902. People from different parts of the world, from Haly, Germany , Holland , Britain , France and USA , come here seeking Ayurveda treatment. The Vaidyasala runs an Ayurveda research center, a nursing home, a hospital, an Ayurveda college and a medicinal herbal garden. Kottakkal is also the abode of art and culture. The PSV Natyasangham, the blessed Kathakali group runs a Kathakali school. Venkata Theva temple near the Vaidyasala is noted for natural paintings. Kottakkal Pooram festival attracts thousands.

Kadalundi :

The cradle of AyurvedaThe national harbor at Kadalundi is an earthly paradise for migratory birds, located 19 Kms from Kozhikode and 7 Kms from Beypore port. The sanctuary, which is spread over a cluster of islands, covers an area of 3 Kms, in a scenic area surrounded by hillocks, where the Kadalundipuzha flows into the Arabian sea . The large flock of birds that come here is the breath-taking backdrop of wooded greenery that enthralls bird watchers and nature lovers in no small measure. Over a hundred varieties of native birds and over 60 varieties of native birds and over 60 varieties of migrating birds flock here from Siberia , Persian Gulf , Europe , America and Himalayan ranges in large numbers. A hillock, which is 200 meters above sea level, provides a splendid view of the river mouth and the sea. The place is also known for a wide variety of fishes, mussels and crabs. The Vallikunnu Grama Panchayat through the people’s plan tries to develop this area as a major tourist center in south India . An information center, a bird museum, slide project facilities, photo exhibition hall, miracle expo centre, and science museum are being planned as part of the over all schemes. Instead of that the Panchayath administration has taken care to include water cruise facilities. For this purpose, a fleet of motorboats and a mini boat jetty are also planned.

Manjeri :

Taluk Head QuartersProminent commercial centre in Malappuram district. Most of the Government institutions and many offices such as District Court, District Hospital , District Medical Office are located in Manjeri. Manjeri has an important place in history of Malabar. It was at the center of 1921 Muslim Revolution better known as Sipahi Lahala. Manjeri is a one of the Muslim majority area of Kerala state. Manjeri is centrally located and is well connected with major cities of Kerala and neighboring states. The new Calicut Airport is only 25 minutes drive from city center (approximately 25 Kms.). One of the biggest commercial centre of Kerala, Kozhikode (previously known as Calicut ) is only 47 Km away from Manjeri and is well connected by road, the private, public transport buses are plying at almost every 5 minute frequency.

Malappuram Head Quarters:

Malabar rebellion took place at Malappuram Head Quarters.

Thirur :

Birth place of Thunchath Ramanujan Ezhuthachan, the father of Malayalam Literature

Kuttipuram :

Agricultural area

Nilambur :

Famous for teak and bamboo plantations. Colony's plot; the oldest teak plantation in the world.The only teak museum in the Country

Nedumkayam :

18 Kms away from Nilambur where the rain forest flourish, elephants and other wild animals can be viewed from the wooden rest house built by the British. An elephant-taming center, which still attracts visitors from all climes, is also there. Half an hour drive through the dense forests, leads to Mancherri, the settlement of Chola Naikars, a primitive tribe. Adyanpara in Kurmbalangod village of Nilambur Taluk is famous for its waterfalls and the splendor of wooded jungle. This cascade is a spectacle of unrivalled grand eur. The wild beauty of this place is a rare treat for the eyes and heart of the travelers.The Malappuram District Panchayat allotted funds to use this waterfall for generation of electricity. The Elembalai hill is the border of Kerala and Tamilnadu, where the river Chaliyar originates. This hill clothed in dense forest and bamboo woods adds to the beauty of the same.The Kavanakallu Regulator cum bridge in Chaliyar river, 13 Kms away from Kondotty hill gives Nilambur a unique place in Kerala’s Tourist map. 95 percentage of the construction of the regulator has been completed. After the completion of the regulator, about 60 Kms long artificial lake will be formed. A big scheme is underway to develop Chaliyar as a major tourist center.

Nilambur :

Like other districts, the dominant feature of Malappuram is the luxuriance of its vegetation. With a summer climate that is not unduly warm, it has many charms to offer the travelers. Nilambur, on the Kozhikode-Ooty highway, 40 Kms from Malappuram is famous for its teak plantation and too it is an important halting place for tourists on route to Ooty. The oldest teak plantation of the world, the Conolly’s Plot is just 2 Kms from Nilambur town. The oldest and tallest teak tree in the world, Kannimaree is a rare attraction. At Aruvakkode, beside the Chalaiyar river, where a country boat ferry is ready for visitor, four Kms away from Nilambur in the Ooty road are world’s first teak museum and sub center of Kerala Forest Research Institute. In the well-designed museum, a visitor can have at hand, information on all aspects of teak, exhibits, articles and details of historic, aesthetic and scientific value.\

Padinharekara :

The lovely beachPadinharekara, is close to Ponnani and at the end point of the Tippu Sultan road. It offers a breath taking view of the confluence of the river Bharathapuzha and Tirurpuzha with the Arabian sea . This place is noted for migratory birds, gathering in thousands during February-April.

Perinthal Manna :

Ffertile land

Angadipuram :

Religious centre for both Hindus and MuslimsAngadipuram as the way to Malappuram from Perinthalmanna. The Thirumandhamkunnu temple is dedicated to goddess Durga. The annual pooram festival celebrated in March/April attracts thousands. A chaverthara, preserved near the Thirumandhamkunnu temple is a memorial for the martyrs of Mamankam.Kodikethmala, a scenic hilltop near Perinthalmanna attracts tourists largely with its panoramic views. It is exceptionally rich in flowering plants, butterflies and birds. The DTPC is now developing it further.

Ponnani :

Mecca of KeralaThis place has many charms to offer the traveler.

The Biyyamkayal, a spread of backwater near Ponnani town is a replica of the backwaters of Kollam and Alapuzha, where boat race is conducted annually, during Onam celebrations. A permanent pavilion is built for the spectators. Nearly one dozen country boats including some rowed by women, participate. This is a most enchanting experience. As a part of a big project, the District Tourism Promotion Council set up water sports facility, including pedal boats, running boats, park and cafeteria.

Thanur :

First Portuguese colonyThe small coastal fishing town of Tanur has one of the earliest Portuguese settlements, situated 8 Kms from Tirur. It is believed that St. Francis Xavier visited the place in 1546. the Keraladeshapuram temple, dedicated to Lord Vishnu which is one among the oldest temple of Kerala , is 3 Kms south Tanur town.

Thirunavaya:

8 Kms away from Tirur situated on the banks of the Bharatha puzha, this is a place of great historical importance. The Mamankam, a grand assembly of the rulers of Kerala, an enactment of traditional martial arts by suicide squads, was held here once every 12 years in olden times. Today Thirunavaya is the venue for the annual Sarvodaya mela. The ancient and famous Thirunavaya temple is also a famous pilgrim center.

Thiruvayur:

43 Kms south of Kozhikode , this small town has a unique place in State tourism map. The birthplace of Thunchath Ezhuthachan, the founder of Malayalam literature, now called Thunchan, the founder of Malayalam literature, now called Thunchan Parambu, is in Tirur. Today Thunchan Parambu is being developed into an important research center and literary meeting place by the Government. In Vijayadashami day hundreds of children are initiated here into the wonders of writing when they first trace the letters of the Malayalam alphabet in sand. A maxvomica tree, of which leaves are not bitter, is a surprise at Thunjan parambu. 6 Kms from Tirur, Tripranjhode where the only temple of Kerala , consecrated to Garuda, is situated.

Thrurangadi:

Tirurangadi was an important center of the Khilaphath movement, the national movement and the Malabar Rebellion. It was the Tirurangadi incident on 20 th August 1921 , that ignited the out-break of Malabar Rebellion. Mambusan Kizhakkefath was the seat of Khilaphath Bader Ali Musliar.

Kottakkunnu:

500 meters away from Malappuram town, it is a historically important place. One can see the traces of an old fort at the base of cantonment hill. The fort was the first to be built by the Zamorine of Kozhikode. Nearby are the Vettakkorumakan temple and Siva temple with the famous murals of Malabar. The British authority used it as a firing range and many a Moppila rebel was killed here by them. Authorities built a helipad at the top. On evening large numbers of people gather here to see the sunset. A children’s park is made here by the DTPC. The mass wild life in Nilambur, Amarambalam, Melathur and Wandoor attracts hundreds of visitors every season. The region is a beloved homestead of innumerable birds and animals. To the lover of nature, the botanist and the naturalist, this region offers every charm in forest, mountain valley and cultivated plain. Elephants, bosons, deers tigers, blue monkeys, bears, boards, rabbits wild cats and dogs are found in the forests along with a variety of birds and reptiles. This variety of wild life welcomes the visitors with their own melody. Very often flying squirrels and black panthers are found here.

The important rivers:

Four important rivers of Kerala, flow through Malappuram district. They are, Chaliyar (Beypore river), Kadalundipuzha, Bharathapuzha and Tirurpuzha. Chaliyar has a length of 169 kms. and originates from Illambalieri hills in Tamilnadu. Important tributaries of this river are Chalipuzha, Punnapuzha, Pandiyar, Karimpuzha, Cherupuzha and Vadapurampuzha. Chaliyar traverses through Nilambur, Mampad, Edavanna, Areekade, Vazhakkad and flows into the sea at Beypore.

Kadalundipuzha is formed by the confluence of two rivers, the Olipuzha and Veliyar. Olipuzha originates form Cherakomban hill and Veliyar from Erattakomban hill. They flow by the wild of Silent Valley and traverse through Ernad and Valluvanad regions, before flowing into the sea at Kadalundi Nagaram. It passes through places like Melattur, Pandikkad, Malappuram, Pankkad, Parappur, Kooriyad and Tirurangadi. Kadalundipuzha has a circuit course of 130 kms.

Of these rivers, only Chaliyar is perennial; all others get dried up in summer and hence Malappuram district is prone to draught. In Tirur and Ponnani taluks, kayals (backwaters) like Biyyamp, Veliyancode, Manur, Kodinhi etc offer fishing and navigation facilities.

TRIBAL DANCES :

Primitive inhabitants in Kerala are only about two hundred thousand now and these are scattered in the jungles and hills of the state prominants. There are about 35 different types of tribals, among whom the Kurichiyar, Nayadi, Mullakurumbar, Uralikurumbar, Paniya, Mudaga, Irula, Ernadar, Kadar, Muthuvan, Kanikkar, Uralees, Paliyan, Malavedan, Vettuvar, Eravallan, Veda and Malayan are the notable ones. Each of these aboriginal tribes has its own distinct dance tradition and invariably all of them are interwoven with the life of the people who perform peculiar dances so much so that it seems that some of their daily tasks are set in rhythmic pattern. In the background of mystery shrouded nature, tribal celebrations originate and the dances work up intoxicating excitement; manifesting physical expressions of their joys and griefs, hopes and fears. Some times the dancing is extremely simple and consists of little more than shuffling of the feet or waving of the hands. At other times it is swaying of the body to the clapping of hands or beating of primitive drums to mark time. Yet another form shows only the monotonous movement of the hands and feet. But generally speaking, a wide range of movements involving all parts of the body, the head, back hips, arms, fingers and the feet and even facial muscles are utilized in tribal dances.There are very complicated tribal dances as well in which dancing harmonises gesture, expressing the whole gamut of sentiment, where rhythm is kept by swaying the body and intricate steps executed with adept foot-work. Usually the dances have a slow beginning, but gather momentum and work up to a heavy tempo of the vociferous climax of the drums, and the ecstacy of the ever-mounting rhythm of spontaneous music. Many of these dances are heroic or martial in character. Some tribes have songs to accompany their dances. Either the dancers themselves sing or the on-lookers sing and thus every one participates in the whole exercise. Special musical instruments are sometimes used, but the drum is almost an indispensable feature. The costumes of the dancers vary from approximate nudity to full attire and ornaments which are extremely colourful.Like all tribal arts, Kerala's tribal dances are also spontaneous. It is the most direct expression of the inner most spirit of a people and the instinct of rhythm is as natural and basic as human nature.Some of the better known tribal dances of Kerala are Elelakkaradi, Kadarkali, Kurumbarkali, Paniyarkali, Edayarkali, Mudiyattam and Vedarkali

ELEAKKARADI : This is a highly heroic group-dance in which almost the whole community of men, women and children participate. The dance is very common with the tribals called Irular of Attappadi in Palakkad district. The dance brings out the fight of the people against the wild boars which very often attack their tribal hamlets

KURUMBAR NRITHAM: Wayanad district has different types of hill tribes of which the Kurumbar and the Kattunayakar are the most prominent ones.. They perform a special type of dance which is staged in connection with marriages.

PANIYAR KALI: Paniyar are another set of tribals inhabiting the hilly forests of Wayanad district. Their dance is highly masculine and only men participate. Here the dancers numbering about eight or ten stand in a circle with hands linked together. They move around with rhythmic flexions of the body.

PARVALLI KALI: It is mixed dance of the aboriginals of the dense forest of Travancore area in which both men and women participate. They dance holding arms together, or shoulder to shoulder, linked in a backlock posture. The dance develops into variety of pleasing pattern, in which the men and women change their positions with amazing speed.

THAVALA KALI : Thavalakali is a tribal dance in which a number of participants, usually boys, jump one above the other in succession, imitating the leaps of the frogs.

MUDIYATTOM : Mudiyattom, also known as Neelilayattom, is a tribal dance in which only women partake. The women stand on small wooden blocks and the dance begins with slow and simple movements of the body which culminate in graceful movements of the head. The uncombed hair of the participants flow down and swing in rhythmic waves.

KAADAR NRITHAM : Only women partake in this primitive dance of the Kaadar tribes of the forests of Kochi area. The performers arrange themselves in a semicircle. They hold the tip of their clothes in their hands to the level of the waist and wave it to various rhythms of the dance. It is a very simple but elegant tribal dance in slow steps.

KAANIKKAR NRITHAM : This is a group dance of the Kanikkar tribes. The dance is performed as a rural offering. The steps of the dancers perfectly synchronise with the waving of the hands and the beating of the drums.

MAN KALI : The Ramayana episode in which Sita is being enchanted by Maricha in the guise of a golden deer is enacted in graceful movements.

GADHIKA : Gadhika is a ritual dance performed by Adiya tribes of Wayanad district. The art form is meant to cure ailments. The performance is also done as part of a ritual for having had a safe delivery of child.

KOORAN KALI: Koorankali is another tribal dance which is similar to Mankali. Here one man enacts the role of a wild boar while another enacts the role of a hunting dog. The movements are perfectly timed to the rhythmic beats of primitive drums. While this is going on, the large number of onlookers who form a circle round the two dancers, shout wild cries of joy with occasional clapping of hands and jerky dances.

EDAYA NRITHAM : Edaya nritham is the dance of the tribal shepherds. Both men and women participate with One of the shepherds acting as the lead singer. This is repeated in chorus by all the rest. As the singing is in progress, one from the group imitates the special sounds of shepherds driving their sheep.

NAIKAR KALI : This is particularly popular among the tribes in Wynad and Malappuram districts. It is more ritualistic oriented than pure entertainment. This is usually performed as a pooja to please family deities and also during marriage ceremonies. When the instruments,Thappu and Kuzhal are being played the naikars begin their performance. With jingling anklets round their legs, they dance in clock-wise and anti-clockwise directions to the accompaniment of the musical instruments.

Architectural skills

Local Paniya tribesmen, whose traditional erumadam tree-platforms inspired the modern day tree houses, now help build and maintain these treehouses. Paniyan literally means one who works in the field, and these were supposed to work for others mainly the nontribals. This group forms the dominant tribals of the State. About 72% of the total Paniya population of the State are found in Wayanad district.Their traditional costumes are attractive. Women of older generation wear ear rings, nose rings, coloured bangles and rolled palm leaves with beads inside from a plant called Abrus precatorius in their dilated earlobes. Their language is of primitive Malayalam dialect with an admixture of Tamil and Tulu words. They normally have a head man called kuttan. They worship trees and the banyan tree (Ficus bengalensis)especially is important for them. They normally will not cut such trees and believe that if any one attempts to cut down these trees theywill face serious problems or will fall sick. They consume wild roots, edible and medicinal herbs, fish, prawns and crabs which are usually found in the wilderness and in the rivers flowing through the jungles.

Traditionally skilled bowmen and hunters

Kurichias are the "high class" among the hill tribes occuping the highest social and economic status. They are basically agriculturists having their own lands and besides they are all skilled bowmen and hunters. They played a heroic role in Pazhassi revolt against the British. They are believed to have been brought to Wayanad by Pazhassi Raja from the plains during his war against the British.These Kurichias have a good tradition of respecting nature in every way. They preserve their habitats in almost pristine conditions even now and have conserved many of the traditional varieties of different crops. They are a very hygienic lot with clean food habits.

Education Sector : There are many Govt/Private Sector High Schools/Technical High School, using both Malayalam and English as medium of study. For graduation and post graduations in different disciplines - NSS College , Co-operative Arts College , Unity Women's college...etc. In addition to the above, there are many well-known Institutions offering Computer courses and other such technical specialisations. Manjeri is a very busy town. Close proximity to the new International airport is an added advantage to the business circle.

Visitor Attractions : Kozhikode District

Flora and Fauna:

Kozhikode is blessed with wild and marine life. Though wild elephants and bisons are occasionally seen in the forests, tigers and leopards are rare. Barking deer, Mouse deer, Mountain lizards, Malabar squirrels, black and grey monkeys, hares and porcupines are found in the forests. The avions are well represented by horn bills, peacocks, jungle fowls, thrushes, pigeons, sunbirds, kingfishers, wood peckers, paradise fly catches, parrots, mynahs, king crows, etc. Snakes, poisonous and non poisonous, are seen in the forests in fairly large numbers, Pythons are also common.

The natural forests fall under three main categories; the southern tropical moist deciduous, western tropical wet ever green and semi evergreen.

The principlel tropical moist deciduous forest species are Terminalia Paniculata, Dillenia, Pentagyna, Miliusa Veutina, Schrebra Suretenoides (all inhabiting species) etc; Bamboods Bambusa, Arundanaclac, Callicarpalanta, Cacsalpintia Minussoides etc. (under growth); Butea Parviflora, Celastrus Paniculaters (Climbers) etc.

The principle western tropical wet evergreen species are Pakquium ellipticum, Salmalia, Malabarica, Mappila Foetida (inhabiting species top canopy layer) Canarium Strictum, Chrysophyllum Rexhurghi, Oleadiocea, Canes, Wild arrow roots, Screwpines etc.

Eco Tourism Sector:

The forest areas that has entered into the promotion of ecotourism are:-Thusharagiri: Thusharagiri waterfalls which literally means snow capped mountains , has the presence of three majestic waterfalls and is the ideal destination to unwind your spirits and spend a nostalgic holiday.It is at a distance of 55 kms from kozhikode.

Kalaman Para Maruthilavu Tourist Spot: A beautiful forest area .

Location- 50 kms away from Kozhikode City in the Kozhikode-Wynad National Highway at Chippilithodu.

Kakkad Eco Tourism Centre :Location- 40 kms away from Kozhikode City in the KozhikodeKolamala Eco Tourism:Location- 40 kms away from Kozhikode City in the Kozhikode-Wynad National Highway at Eangapuzha and travel 2 kms West to reach this centre .

Attractions: Variety of birds, animals and butterflies and Medicinal plants. Trucking facility to Kolamala, Koompan mala and Choyiyodu mala. Services of experienced guides are available.

The important rivers:

The Mahe river:

The Mahe river, also called the Mayyazhippuzha, originates from the forests on the western slopes of the Wayanad hills. This river flows through the villages of Narippetta, Vanimel, Iyyancode, Bhekiyad, Iringanoor, Tripangathur, Peringalam, Edachery, Kacheri, Eramala, Kariyyad, Olavilam; Kunnamakkara, Azhiyoor and Mahe, before emptying into the Arabian Sea at the former French Settlement of Mahe, about 6 kms. South of Thalassery. The length of the river is about 54 kms. And it flows through an area of 394 sq.kms.

The Murad (Kuttiady) river:

The Murad river, also known as the Kuttiady river, takes its origin from the Narikkotta ranges on the western slopes of the Wayanad hills, a part of Westerm Ghats. This river flows through Vadakara, Koyilandy and Kozhikode Taluks. It empties into the Arabian Sea at the historical Kottakkal fort, 7 kms. South of Vadakara. This river has a length of 74 kms. And along with its tributaries it lows through an area of 583 sq.kms.The Onipuzha, the Thottilpalampuzha, the Kadiyangad puzha, the Vamathil puzha and the madappallippuzha are the major tribtaris of Murad river. It passes through oorakuzhi, Kuttiady, Tiruvallur, Muyipoth, Maniyur and Karuvancheri.

The Korapuzha River:

The Korapuzha river is formed by the confluence of two streams called Punnurpuzha and Agalapuzha, this river and it is main tributaries are tidal in their lower reaches. The Agalapuzha is more or less a backwater, while the Punnurpuzha originates from Arikkankunnu. The Agalapuzha forms a part of the important West Coast Inland Navigation System. There is heavy traffic through this river connecting all important industrial towns lying in the coastal areas such as Vadakara, Kozhikode , Kallai, beypore etc. The total length of the river is 40 kms. With a drainage area of 624 sq.kms.
The Kallai river:

The river has its origin from Cherukulathur village and it is connected to the Chaliyar on the south by a man-made canal. The river passes through Cherukulathur, Kovur, Olavanna, Manava and Kallai before finally joining the Arabian Sea at Kozhikode . The length of the river is 22 kms. And it has a drainage area of 96 sq.kms.Though small in size, the kallai is one of the most important rivers in the entire State from the commercial point of view, Kallai, a main centre of timber trade, is situated on its banks.

The Chaliyar river:

Known in the lower reaches as the Beypore river, this is one of the major rivers of the State. The lower reaches form part of the West Coast Inland Navigation system.It originates from the Illambalari hills in Gudalur taluk of Nilgiri district in Tamil Nadu. The Chalippuzha, the Punnapuzha, the Pandiyar, the Karimpuzha, the Vadapurampuzha, the Iringipuzha and the Iruthilpuzha are its important tributaries.As an interstate river, this has a total drainage area of 2923 sq.kms, of which 2535 sq.kms. lie in Kerala and the rest, 388 sq.kms. in Tamil Nadu. With a length of 169 kms., the Chaliyar river flows through Nilambur, Mambad, Edavanna, Areecode and Vazhakkad in Malappuram district and Feroke in Kozhikode district before it joins the Arabian Sea near Beypore.

The Kadalundi river:

The Kadalundi river, also known by the names, Karimpuzha and Oravanpurampuzha is formed by the confluence of its two main tributes, the Olipuzha and the Veliyar. The Olipuzha takes its origin from the Cherakkombanmala and the Veliyar from the forests of Erattakombanmala. The total length of this river is 130 kms, with a drainage area of 1,099 sq.kms. The river flows towards the Chaliyar and joins the Arabian Sea at about 5 kms. south of the Chaliyar river mouth.The Pooraparamba river, a small stream, is also included in this basin, as its length is only 8 kms. With a drainage area of 23 sq.kms. The total drainage area of the basis is thus 1122 sq.kms.

Visitor Attractions : Wayanad District

Wayanad lies at an altitude varying from 700 - 2100 metres above the sea level. The district has the highest number of tribal settlements in Kerala. The hill ranges of Vythiri taluk (taluk is a sub division of a district), through which the road from Kozhikode ascends the Wayanad plateau over the mind boggling bends and ridges, are the highest locations of Wayanad district.Established in 1973, the Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary is contiguous to the protected area network of Nagarhole and Bandipur of Karnataka on the northeast and Mudumalai of Tamil Nadu on the southeast. Rich in bio-diversity, the sanctuary is an integral part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, which has been established with the specific objective of conserving the biological heritage of the region. The sanctuary is very rich in flora and fauna. The management lays emphasis on scientific conservation with due consideration for the general lifestyle of the tribals and others who live in and around the forest region.

Tourism:

The natural scenic beauty of Wayanad and its rich natural resources offer several opportunities for adventure tourism. The hills rocks and valley which make the very unique character of Wayanad provide a lot for catering to the ever increasing demand for adventure tourist.

Chembra peak:

Trekking to the Chembra peak is one of the risky tourist endeavours. Chembra peak is the highest peak in Wayanad at 2100m. above mean sea level. It is14 kms. west of Kalpetta. Trekking to the top of this peak takes almost a day. Tourists can also stay one or two days at the top of the peak in temporary camps. District Tourism Promotion Council provides guides, sleeping bags, canvass huts trekking implements on hire charges to the tourists. The scenic beauty of Wayanad which is visible from the top of Chembra is very challenging and thrilling. The blue eyed water in the lake at the top of the hill never dries up even in the peak of summer. All along the steep and slippery way to the top of the hill, the whispering of the flowing spring which sprouts from the top of the hill accompanies the tourist. If he is fortunate enough, on his way he may come across a passing wild beast, may be a leopard who may instantly hide behind the bushes. Camping in the night with camp fire and sleeping bags at the top of the peak in shivering cold is everlasting experience

Pookkode Lake:

A natural fresh water lake surrounded by evergreen forest and rolling hills. A fresh water aquarium with large variety of fish is an added attraction. Tourists can also avail of boating facilities, children's park, and a shopping centre for handicrafts and spices. Located between Lakkidi and Kalpetta Pookkode is a very attractive freshwater lake around 2000 metres above mean sea level. Contoured by lush green forests the lake has good prospects for boating facilities. It is one of the major centres of eco-tourism in Wayanad.

Kuruvadweep:

This 950 acre, uninhabited island on the eastward bound Kabani river is an ideal picnic spot. The wooded stretch of land is home to rare species of birds, orchids and herbs.

ThirunellyTemple:

Surrounded by Kambamala, Karimala and Varadiga, the Thirunelly temple is a marvel of temple architecture. The shrine is shielded with 30 granite columns and the ground is paved with huge square pieces of granite. The crystal clear waters of the Papanasini river running downhill add to the enchantment of the place. Located in the valley beneath Brahmagiri hill, 66 Kms from Kalpetta, Thirunelli is referred as 'Kasi of the south' It is believed that Lord Brahma himself had installed the idol of Lord Vishnu the presiding deity of the temple. Situated among the reserve forests the location of the temple has an enchanting natural beauty. The adjoining mountain spring called Papanasini is a major centre of pilgrimage. Papanasini means the destroyer of all sins. Thirunelli is a potential centre for eco tourism.

Pazhassi Tomb:

The memorial of ' the lion of Kerala' - Veera Pazhassi Raja - who organised the guerilla warfare against the British East India Company, is situated at Mananthavady. The Pulpally cave is where Pazhassi took refuge until he was captured by the British.

The GlassTemple of Kottamunda:

This temple is located on the slope of Vellarimala and is dedicated to Parswanatha Swamy of the Jain faith. The mirrors inside the temple walls reflect images of the icons in the temple's sanctum sanctorum. The Glass Temple of Kottamunda, located 20 Kms from Kalpetta, on the slope of Vellarimala, is a famous Jain family Temple in Wayanad. It is dedicated to Paraswanatha Swamy the third Thirthankara of the Jain faith. Icons of Parswanatha Swamy and this temple have thousand reflections in beautiful patterns on the mirrors placed on the inner side of the temple walls.

Pakshipathalam:

This place can be accessed only by trekking. Rare species of birds can be sighted from the watch tower of this bird sanctuary.

Boy's Town:

Herbal garden, nature care centre, sericulture unit, perma-culture centre etc., established by the Wayanad Social Service Society and Jean Park (the Indo-Danish project for promoting herbal gardening) are situated here

Muthanga Wild Life SanctuaryThe :

wild life sanctuary at Muthaga 20 Kms from Sultan Bathery is developing into a major centre of tourist attraction. Herds of elephants, bear, deer, wild pig etc can be seen here. It is near the Begur wild life sanctuary at Karnataka.

Edakkal Caves:

These are two caves in the Ambukuthy mountain. The caves contain several paintings and pictorial writings of the New Stone Age Civilization. The location is 3 Kms away from balavayal and 25 Kms from the district Headquarters, Kalpetta. caves are located at a height of 1000 m on Ambukutty Mala near Ambalavayal. The New Stone Age pictorial writings on the walls of these natural caves at akkal are evidence of the civilisation that existed in these regions in prehistoric times. The caves can be accessed only by a 1 km trekking trail from Edakkal. Morning hours are the best time to visit the caves. Entry is permitted only up to 1700 hrs.

Lakkidi:

Lakkidi, the gateway to Wayanad, is situated 700 m above mean sea level, at the crest of the Thamarasseri Ghat pass. Lofty peaks, gurgling streams and luxuriant forests add magic to the journey up the winding roads to this hill station. Nestled among the hills Lakkidi which is the gateway to Wayanad has the highest annual rain fall in Kerala. With mist formation in the atmosphere almost throughout the year the place has further scope for developing into a tourist centre.Nearest railway station : Kozhikode about 63 km .Nearest airport : Karipur International Airport, Kozhikode about 63 km Road: Well connected by roads from Kozhikode, Kannur, Ooty (175 km from Kalpetta) and Mysore (140 km from Kalpetta).

Visitor Attractions : Kannur District

Payyambalam Beach :

Payyambalam is the beach Kannur town. It is long and clean. Flat laterite cliffs just into the sea at one end. Picturesque and incredibly beautiful. The well laid out gardens and the massive landscaped sculpture of mother & child greet the visitor to Payyambalam. The beach is only walking distance from Fort St. Angelo.

Muzhappilangad Beach :

Muzhappilangad is 15Km South of Kannur and only 8 Km from Thalassery. A long clean beach, its enchanting ambience invites you to swim, sunbathe, or just lounge around. Black rocks protect Muzhappilangad from the current of the deep, making its shallow water a swimmer's paradise. Muzhappilangad is arguably Kerala's only drive-in beach.Believe it or not, you can drive down the entire length 5 KM. a unique treat to the senses.

Mappila Bay :

This is situated near the St. Angelo's Fort. A fishing harbour built with Indo Norwegian project assistance. If the weather is favorable a ride in the sea will be a memorable experience. The remnants fort are still seen in Mappila bay.

Meenkunnu Beach :

Situated at Azhikode its hardly few kilometers from the town. The virgin beach is a tourist's paradise with golden sand & surf.

St.Angelo Fort:

Etched against the blue skylines, the imposing walls of the Fort St.Angelo remain as the monument to the Portuguese adventure on the Malabar Coast .It is a seashore fort of Kannur Town . Don Francisco D Almedia, the first Portuguese Viceroy of India built the Fort in 1505 A.D. after obtaining the consent of the Kolathiri Raja. The Fort had a chequered history. It changed hands to the Dutch, then to the Ali Raja of Arakkal in 1772, and finally to the British in 1790. One of the important Military center of British in Malabar.Today Fort St. Angelo is a protected monument under the Archaeologicl Survey of India . The barracks, the magazine, and its cannons are still intact and continue to enthrall visitors from far flung places. The Fort also offers a vantage view of the picturesque Mappila Bay Harbour , and the Arakkal mosque (Arakkal Kettu).

Thalassery Fort:

Thalassery Fort 20 KM away from Kannur was built on 20th August 1708 . It still remains, the sentinel to three hundred years of turbulent history. Relics of an age, long gone by surround the Fort and continue to fascinate visitors old and young alike.

Parassinikkadavu Temple :

18 KM north of Kannur on the banks of the Valapattanam River , in a setting of great natural beauty, stands the Shri Muthappan Temple at Parassinikkadavu. Steeped in legend, its all hallowed spot. Open to all, this is the only place where one can see Theyyam performed all around the year. On the way to Parassinikkadavu temple is the Snake Park . The demonstration of snakes is held every hour at the Snake Park . Visitors can also enjoy a boat ride in the wide river opening up to the blue expanse of the sea ahead.

Dharmadam Island :

Beside the Muzhappilangad beach 100 metres offshore lies the Dharmadam island surrounded by rivers and sea. A conjunction of beach & island it is a matter of walk during low tide.

Pazhassi Dam:

37 KMs east of Kannur near Mattannur, the Pazhassi Dam and reservoir offers scenic vistas. One can cruise down the river in D.T.P.C (District Tourism Promotion Council) The recently built Gardens & Amusement park is an added attraction. Accommodation is available in the Project Inspection Bungalow and Dormitories.

Ezhimala:

The Ezhimala Mountain and beach lie at the northern boundary of Kannur. Rare medicinal herbs grow on the strange seven peaked range, that is Ezhimala, around 50 Kms from Kannur. There is an old tower of great antiquity here: the Mount Deli light house. It is maintained by the Navy and is a restricted area.

Paithal Mala:

Beautiful, serene hill station near the Kerala - Karnataka border, 65 Kms. North of Kannur. It offers a challenging trekking to those inclined to stretch their legs. It's around 4,500 ft. above sea level. A base reception centre and a watch tower at top of the cliff are functioning for the benefit of tourists.

Aralam wild life sanctuary:

A tranquil mega sanctuary on the slopes of the Western Ghats covered with tropical and semi evergreen forests. Herds of deer, elephants, boar and bisons are quite common. Leopards, jungle cats, various type squirrels and rare species of birds have been found here. Around 160 species of birds have been found here. Certain species of birds, which are considered extinct, have also been found here. It is 35 kms from Thalassery Railway station.

Visitor Attractions : Kasargod District

Adoor:
Situated 45 kms from Kasargod town this town is famous for its ancient Siva temple fabled to have been found by Arjuna, the mythical Pandava archer. Legend has it that it is in this place that Kiratha Yudham , the battle between Lord Siva and Arjuna took place. The nearby forest is considered to be the abode of Lord Siva and his divine consort.

Chandragiri:
It has a large square fort by the sea of a river. The fort was built in 17th century by Shivappa Nayaka of Bedanore and established his authority over the area and built a chain of forts. A mosque is situated nearby. A temple, Kizhur Sastha Temple, too glorifies the area.

Bekal Fort:
The ramparts of the fort are very dear to movie makers They shoot the films from here. Tipu Sultan used the fort as military base before losing it to East India Company. Locals say there are hidden passages for armies and royal lovers. The tall thick walls once kept invaders at bay. A Magazine is on the grassy knolls of the fort. The steps lead to an Observation Tower and some picturesque peepholes. An ancient Anjaneya Temple , a mosque, a crowd-puller sea bastion and underground passages moor the visitors with curiosity.

Bekal Fort Beach:
Shells of all sizes decorate the beach. For scroll or leisure the beach is ideal.

Bela Church:
Our Lady of Sorrows Church or Bela Church is the oldest church in the district. It was constructed in 1890 and is 15 km north of Kasargod . This Roman Catholic church has been constructed in Gothic style. The church which is under the Mangalore diocese, has celebrated its centenery.

Chervathur:
This place is renowned for its illustrious scholars of Kuttamath Kunniyur family. The ruins of a Dutch fort built in the 18th century, at the Veeramala Hills near Cheruvathur, is a tourist attraction.

Edneer Mutt:
This renowned centre of art and learning follows the tradition of Sankaracharya also known as Adi Sankara, one of the greatest.

Malik Dinar Mosque:
An ardent disciple of Prophet Mohammed, Malik Ibn Dinar who is said to be a slave’s son was the first to propagate Islam in Kerala, it is believed. The mosque was founded by him. He was buried within. The Urs, commemorating the arrival of Ibn Dinar in Kasargod , attract thousands of pilgrims from all over Kerala every year.

Hosdurg Fort:
Also known as Kanhangad fort, this enthralling chain of forts was made by Somasekhara Nayak of the Ikkery royal dynasty. A major attraction here is the 'Nithyanandashram', an internationally recognised spiritual centre that leads the visitors to a tranquil atmosphere.

Sri Mahalingeswara Temple:
This temple dedicated to Lord Siva is at Adoor, 45 km from Kasargod. The transliterated inscription of Sanskrit in Kannada shows that this temple is somehow related to the Western Chalukya King Kirthivarman II of 745-755 AD. The surroundings also are as enchanting as the temple itself. River 'Payaswini'flows near the temple.

Central Plantation Crops & Reasearch Institute(CPCRI):
This prestigious institute is situated in Kudlu, 5 km north of Kasargod. Research in genetic potential of plantation crops and production of genetically superior planting materials for spices, coconut, arecanut and cashewnut are the main vocation of CPCRI.

Kottancheri Hills:
The Kottancheri Hills is 30 km north-east of Kanhangad. The exotic raiforest is an ideal spot for trekking. Thalakkaveri in the Brahmagiri mountain of Coorg is near this hills.

Kanwa Thirtha Beach:
This beach is 3km north of Manjeshwar. The unique feature of this beach is the natural extension of the waters in a calm pool like formation which is very ideal for swimming. This trait makes it one of the most sought after tourist spot.

Kappil Beach:
Located 6 km away from Bekal Fort, this beach is quite isolated and as a result offers calm and charm. The great expanse of the Arabian sea can be enjoyed from the vantage point of the Kodi cliff which is just a stone's throw from the beach.This beach is located little away from Bekal. Some parts of the beach are covered by green creepers. Shallow groves of casaurina trees occupy some portion of the beach. This secluded beach is now-a-days gaining popularity.

Twin Ashrams of Kasargod:
The twins are Nityanandashram and Anandashram. The former was founded by Swami Nityananda, while the latter was by Swami Ramdas. Nityanandashram, in hillock side, is a bunch of 45 caves. The great crowd pulling Ashram has a temple modelled like Somanath temple in Gujarat. A life-size statue of Swami Nityananda welcomes the visitors.Anandashram is also equally famous. Housed in sprawling conconut and mango groves, the Ashram signifies a serene atmosphere.

Nileshwasram Palace:
12-km south of Bekal, Nileshwaram boasts of having many age-old palaces. The captain of the palaces is Nileshwaram palace which houses the Folklore Centre of Archaeological Centre. The palaces are of peculiar character, distanced from the character of other familiar palaces in Kerala. Small bodies, robust teak roof beams, spectacular wooden pillars, shining red-stone floorings and naluketts (four-walled structure with courtyard in centre and adjoined to main structure) make them distinct. Many lit up myriad shrines here and here across Nileshwaram present yet another sight of heart-sticking.

Valiaprambu Backwaters:
Scores of little islands, narrow beaches, thick groves of coconut and arecanut and four rapidly flowing rivers make the backwaters a lasting experience. The Bekal Resorts Development Corporation operates few house-boats in Tejeswari river from Kottappuram to Kannur. The boats have one and two-bedroom facilites. The rates are cheaper compared to the rates in Kottayam and Alappuzha.

Madhur:
Madhur’s, located 8 km northeast of Kasargod town, fame is derived from Sreemad Anatheswara Vinayaka temple here. Three tiered dome, cloistered court and copper sheeted roof make this shrine different from oher shrines. The idols of Shiva and Vinayaka are installed in mukhamandapam and sukasanas. The ceiling of namaskara mandapam (praying hall) is beautifully carved of episodes from Ramayana. Madhuvani, some say Payaswani, River flowing in front of the temple is said to possess spiritual power.

Puliyamkulam Park or Kareem Forest Park:
35-km from Bekal. A 32-acre botany garden with trees, medicinal plants, insects and birds is the outcome of a pioneeing single handed effort by P Abdul Kareem. He spent 25 years to convert a wasteland into a beautiful forest park of high botanical value. The credit for 300 species of flowering plants and scaled up water table in the area solely goes to Karim.

Posadigumpe:
This piterusque hillock lies 18 km east of Mangalapady. This much adored picnic spot is 1060 ft. above sea level.

Sreemad Anantheswara Temple:
At Manjeswaram. 48-km from Bekal. Bordering Karnataka State. The deity is Anantheswara. The temple was constructed by a Gauda Saraswat Brahmin, Ranga Sharma, hailing from Goa. The temple is set in forested Shankarmala. The roof is copper sheeted and ground wooden walled. A serene beauty all around.

Ranipuram:
54-km from Bekal. Abode of shola forests and wild flowers. A beautiful hill. Stray elephants or herd of elephants noticed. Misty atmosphere. Basket-full of nature-beauty. No quanatum limit to enjoy.

Trikkaripur:
This place was the old seat of Thazhekattu Mana famous for T S Thirumumbu, poet freedom fighter. It is also the birth place of Guru Chandu Panikkqar the famous Kathakali artist.

Pandian Kallu:
This rock sprouting from the sea is 2 km from Trikkanad temple. It derives its name from popular legend which says that this rock was originally a ship belonging to a Pandiya king. The ship was converted into a rock when the king launched an attack on the Trikkanad temple from the ship. Now, this rock is a favorite destination of many adventurous swimmers.

Manjeshwaram:
Manjeshwaram, a small town, is a popular pilgrim centre of all castes and creeds. Scores of temples, eleven mosques, two Jain temples and two churches make Manjeshwaram a growing pilgrim center. The memorial of Govinda Pai, the celebrated Kannad litterateur, is also there in Manjeshwaram.

Anandasram:
Anandasram, a spiritual centre, is located 15 km from Bekal. This internationally famed Asram was founded by Swami Ramdas in 1939. Meditation and spiritual studies imparted here.

Anathapuram Lake Temple:
Located 30 km from Bekal, Ananthapurm Lake Temple has the privilege of being the only Lake Temple in Kerala. The deity is Vishnu or say Ananthapadmanabha. It is said the original abode of Ananthapadmanabha of Thiruvanthapuram’s Padmanabha temple is here.

Tulurvanam:
This green-clad forested area is the abode of famous temple dedicated to Bhagawathi and Kshetrapalan. The 8-day festival in the month of Kumbham (February/March) witnesses large crowd.